Last updated 17th September 2024

We’ve created this tracker as a resource to keep you up to date with all the latest developments on (what was) the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Bill (DMCC Bill), now the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024 (DMCC Act).

We’ll be keeping this page updated with a series of summaries and commentary on the DMCC Act – please bookmark it to make sure you don’t miss our latest posts.

17th September 2024

The DMCC Act received Royal Assent in May 2024 but, until recently, the exact implementation timeline had remained unclear. However, the Government has now released its implementation plan, which we have summarised below.

First, a quick recap of the changes to be introduced:

Part 1: establishes a pro-competition regime for digital markets that will promote more dynamic markets and ensure the most powerful tech firms treat consumers and business fairly.

Part 2: makes enhancements to the UK’s wider competition regime, to give the UK regulator (the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)) greater powers in tackling illegal, anti-competitive behaviours.

Part 3: significantly strengthens the enforcement of consumer law by introducing a two-part regime and bestowing major new powers on the courts and the CMA.

Part 4: introduces new consumer rights/protections (including tackling fake reviews and drip pricing) (Part 4, Chapter 1); new rights and obligations relating to subscription contracts (Part 4, Chapter 2); new rules for consumer saving schemes (Part 4, Chapter 3); and reforms to alternative dispute resolution for consumer contract disputes (Part 4, Chapter 4).

Part 5: contains miscellaneous measures including provisions which deal with investigative assistance to overseas regulators, disclosing information overseas, providing for a duty of expedition on the CMA and sectoral regulators, and giving the CMA new information gathering powers to support a function of monitoring competition in the retail motor fuel sector in the UK.

Timeline for implementation:

24th May 2024

Following completion of the “ping pong” stage – whereby each House (House of Commons and House of Lords) considers the other’s amendments until agreement is reached – the DMCC Act has been passed by Parliament and become law after receiving Royal Assent.

In terms of next steps: whilst the bulk of the DMCC Act is expected to come into force in Autumn 2024, certain provisions will commence on different dates to be set by the Secretary of State under separate regulations.

We’ll update this tracker page once we see the final, consolidated version of the DMCC Act, and with any further updates on timings.

19th April 2024

The significant consumer law changes include the following:

• New rules around ‘drip pricing’ (where only part of an item’s price is advertised, with the total amount revealed at the end of the buying process): information about mandatory/necessary fees (or how to calculate them) and optional fees will form part of the ‘material information’ that businesses must include in any invitation to purchase (broadly, any advertisement which includes a price). These changes amend the existing requirements in the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008, which are being amended and restated in the DMCC Bill.
• Fake reviews: the Government had previously planned to add fake reviews to the list of automatically banned/unfair practices at a later date. However, in a change to that plan, the following practices have now been specifically added to the DMCC Bill:

• • Submitting or commissioning a fake consumer review or one that conceals the fact that it’s been incentivised;

• • Publishing consumer reviews or consumer review information (i.e. information derived from, or influenced by, consumer reviews) in a misleading way;

• • Publishing consumer reviews or information without taking reasonable and proportionate steps as necessary to prevent the publication of fake reviews/information or remove any such reviews/information from publication; and

• • Offering services to businesses for doing or facilitating of any of the above.

• Subscription contracts: The new regime for consumer subscription contracts has been adjusted to address some concerns expressed by (or on behalf) of businesses. Changes include:

• • Reminder notices: The original draft of the DMCC Bill provided that reminder notices had to be given separately to other information, meaning that (for example) no marketing information could be included in reminder notices. As amended, the requirement is now that other information can be given to the consumer at the same time, provided the reminder notice information is more prominent.

• • How a consumer ends/cancels a subscription: Businesses no longer have to enable a consumer to end a subscription contract “in a single communication”. Instead, consumers must be able to do so “in a way which is straightforward” – a lower, or at least more flexible, threshold.

• • Cancellation of contracts for services and digital content: The DMCC Bill already gives the Government powers to impose further conditions and restrictions on consumers’ right to cancel through secondary legislation. However, per these latest amendments, the DMCC Bill now specifically states that secondary legislation may restrict a consumer’s right to cancel a contract for digital content or services already provided, and require consumers to pay for digital content and services received prior to cancellation. This comes in answer to concerns that the DMCC Bill lacks some of the nuance reflected in the current law.

The proposed amendments also address Gift Aid relief, new secondary ticketing rules, and online interface orders – among others – which are outside the scope of this update.

The DMCC Bill will now return for the House of Commons to consider the Lords’ amendments – this has been set for 30 April 2024. This is the final step before Royal Assent, which is expected to happen in the next month or two.

As noted in our previous update below, the Government has confirmed (during the Committee Stage debate) that it will publicly consult on secondary legislation governing returns and refunds under the new subscription regime, to ensure the ‘cooling-off period’ is not exploited (particularly in the context of services and digital content, as noted above); and that the subscription rules will therefore come into effect no earlier than October 2025 (i.e., a delayed implementation period for this element of the DMCC).

16th February 2024

The DMCC Bill has now completed the Committee Stage in the House of Lords and a new version has been published, incorporating the few changes made, ahead of the Report Stage (see below for what happens at Report Stage).

No material text changes were made to the consumer aspects of the DMCC Bill during the Committee Stage.

Minor amendments include:

• clarification that the maximum amounts of daily monetary penalties (which the court and CMA can impose) refer to the maximum per day, not in total; and

• a new Schedule listing consequential amendments arising from the revocation of the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008.

Proposals for additions to the list of expressly banned commercial practices were all rejected (including drip-pricing, fake reviews, greenwashing, and online marketing of counterfeit or dangerous products), largely on the basis that these practices are either being dealt with under separate consultations or already fall under the remit of the law (albeit not expressly).

One key update did emerge in the context of the new subscription regime (see our summary here): During the Committee Stage debate, the Government confirmed that:

• it will publicly consult on secondary legislation governing returns and refunds under the new subscription regime, to ensure the cooling-off period is not exploited; and

• the subscription rules will come into effect no earlier than October 2025 (i.e., a delayed implementation period for this element of the DMCC).

Report Stage gives all members of the House of Lords a further opportunity to examine and make amendments to a bill.

A date for the DMCC Bill’s Report Stage hasn’t yet been announced, but Report Stage usually starts a couple of weeks after Committee Stage has concluded and can be spread over several days (but is generally shorter than Committee Stage).

After Report Stage, the DMCC Bill will be reprinted to include all the agreed amendments and will then move to its third and final reading – the penultimate stage before Royal Assent.

10th January 2024

Having completed its passage through the various House of Commons stages (see further below on this page), the DMCC Bill is now at the third stage in the House of Lords – the “Committee Stage” – due to commence in earnest with its first sitting on 22 January, quickly followed by a further sitting two days later on 24 January.

The Committee Stage involves detailed line-by-line examination of a bill.

Before Committee Stage begins, amendments are collated and published in a ‘marshalled list’. Updated lists are produced before the start of each day of Committee Stage.

During Committee Stage, every clause of a bill must be agreed to and votes on any amendments can take place.

Committee Stage usually takes up to eight days (but can be longer).

The Committee Stage is the eighth of a total of eleven stages before Royal Assent, so it’s fair to say that the DMCC is well on its way to becoming law.

Whilst it’s difficult to accurately predict timings for Royal Assent, we can make estimates based on where the DMCC currently stands: summer/autumn of this year is looking likely (to give a comparator, the recently-passed Online Safety Act took six months to move from Committee Stage through to Royal Assent).

We will keep a close eye on progress, so remember to bookmark this tracker page to stay up-to-date.

4th December 2023

Below we summarise the key consumer law amendments made during the final Commons stage.

Subscriptions

• Reminders of renewal payments: Businesses offering subscription contracts are required under the DMCC Bill to send reminders of renewal payments on expiry of any free/concessionary period and prior to further upcoming payments, but no more than every 6 months. Changes to the frequency of the reminders now mean that businesses will have more leeway to decide when they give a reminder as opposed to ensuring (as provided for under earlier drafts of the DMCC Bill) that reminders are sent within a very specific timeframe of between three to five working days before the last date when a consumer can cancel. Under the amended DMCC Bill, businesses must give a ‘reasonable’ notice period, and this must be detailed in the pre-contract information provided to the consumer. If the business fails to comply with this requirement, the consumer will have a right to cancel the contract. For contracts that require renewal payments less frequently than every 12 months, rather than providing between ten and fourteen working days’ notice before the last cancellation date, businesses must now provide an additional reminder a reasonable amount of time before the regular reminder.

• Powers of the Secretary of State: The amendments also mean that the Secretary of State has the power to disapply or modify reminder notice requirements for certain businesses or contracts.

• Gambling contracts: The House of Commons acknowledged that gambling contracts would not be caught by the subscription rules as specific gambling legislation already exists to regulate these types of contracts.

• Burden of proof: Where a dispute arises, it will be the responsibility of the consumer to prove that they have given notice to cancel and also that the method by which they sent the cancellation notice was sufficiently clear, as per the requirements of the DMCC Bill.

A new duty was introduced in this round of amendments, requiring the CMA and the Courts to treat consumer interests as paramount. The duty includes addressing consumer detriment (such as the protection of vulnerable consumers), expediting investigations that give rise to consumer detriment, and narrowing points of challenge in appeals to CMA decisions that engage consumer detriment.

This latest round of amendments eases the position of businesses slightly, with a marginally more relaxed approach to reminder notices and placing more responsibility on consumers to ensure they clearly communicate cancellation notices.

The DMCC Bill is now at its second reading stage in the House of Lords.

Keep up to date with all the latest news and commentary on the DMCC Bill by bookmarking this tracker page.

13^th October 2023

A post-summer update:

• The DMCC Bill has completed the House of Commons Committee Stage (see “Next Steps – Committee Stage and Written Evidence” below) and is now passing through the ‘Report Stage’ (see the Government tracker here).
• We’re also awaiting the outcome of the Government’s recent Consultation on certain aspects of consumer law including several under the DMCC Bill (see our update here and the Consultation page here).

Read our latest insight:

In the meantime, you can read our latest insight here: an analysis of the hot topic of the day – so-called “Greenwashing” (i.e., misleading environmental claims) – and how the DMCC Bill will affect the regulation of this ever more important issue.

14th July 2023

The DMCC Bill has now completed its Committee stage in the House of Commons.

Some amendments were made to the DMCC Bill, which has been reprinted in advance of the next legislative stage (see further below for next steps).

Click here to read our latest insight where we pick out some of the key points to note from the consumer law enforcement perspective.

The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has submitted written evidence to the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Bill Committee (see further below for Committee details).

The CMA’s submission sets out:

• why it considers the DMCC Bill is needed;
• elements of the DMCC Bill it thinks are particularly important;
• how the CMA is preparing for the new responsibilities proposed in the DMCC Bill; and
• how the CMA’s processes are designed to be transparent and accountable both to Parliament and the UK public.

The CMA will be the chief regulator and enforcer of the DMCC Bill, so it’s particularly interesting to read its own views on the legislation.

You can read the full CMA submission here.

On 24 May 2023, the House of Lords Communications and Digital Committee (HoL Committee) published a call for evidence to seek views to inform its review of the DMCC Bill.

The HoL Committee’s review of the DMCC Bill will focus on Part 1 (digital markets) and Part 2 (competition).

To enable it to scrutinise the DMCC Bill in detail, the HoL Committee has asked for views on the following questions:

• To what extent are businesses and consumers affected by limited competition in digital markets, and what are the consequences?
• Does the DMCC Bill strike the right balance between regulating digital markets and encouraging innovation?
• What are the strengths of the DMCC Bill’s measures to regulate digital markets, what are its main weaknesses and how should these be addressed?
• Are there other existing measures or pieces of legislation that would help address challenges?
• Is the Competition and Markets Authority sufficiently well prepared to implement the new regime?
• How does the UK’s approach compare to the EU and US?

The deadline for written contributions is 12 June 2023. Instructions for submission can be found here.

The DMCC Bill was debated and had its second reading in the House of Commons on 17 May 2023. It is about to begin the Committee stage in the House of Commons, and the House of Commons Public Bill Committee has also called for written evidence on all aspects of the DMCC Bill (see below).

First reading

The DMCC Bill was published, and first introduced in the House of Commons, on 25 April 2023. You can read our initial thoughts here (consumer aspects) and here (digital markets/competition aspects).

Second reading

The DMCC Bill’s second reading was held on 18 May 2023. You can read the debate here.

Committee Stage

The next stage is for the DMCC Bill to be considered by the House of Commons Public Bill Committee (the Committee).

As of 18 May 2023, the Committee is open to receive written evidence from any parties with relevant expertise and experience or a special interest the DMCC Bill.

Timings

The Committee will scrutinise the DMCC Bill line by line. The first sitting of the Committee is expected to be held on Tuesday 13 June, and the Committee is scheduled to report by 5pm on Tuesday 18 July. However, the Government has stressed that the Committee can conclude the process earlier than the expected deadline noted above, so early submissions are strongly encouraged.

Submissions should be emailed to scrutiny@parliament.uk.

Further information, including guidance on submitting evidence, can be found here.

The Government has released ‘Library Briefing Papers’ on the digital markets and competition provisions, and (separately) the consumer provisions, of the DMCC Bill.

House of Commons Library and House of Lords Library briefing papers aim to be politically impartial, containing factual information as well as a range of opinions on each subject. Briefing papers on Bills are produced before second parliamentary readings and, in the Commons, after the Committee stage.

The DMCC Bill Briefing Papers can be accessed here (digital markets and competition) and here (consumer).

May 19, 2023

There’s been some movement this week as the DMCC Bill makes its way through the legislative process.

May 9, 2023

We’ve worked our way through the digital markets and competition law reforms – click the button below to read our initial thoughts.

April 28, 2023

We’ve worked our way through the consumer law reforms – click the button below to read our initial thoughts.

April 26, 2023

The DMCC Bill, as introduced to Parliament, has been published and it’s a hefty 388 pages!

We’re busy digesting and analysing its implications – watch this space for summaries and commentary over the coming days and weeks.

April 25, 2023

DMCC Bill to be released today, the Government has announced.

While we await the full text, you can read our initial summaries of the indicated reforms here:

In its Autumn Statement, the UK Government announced that it was accelerating the DMCC Bill which will bring in significant and wide-ranging reforms.

The DMCC Bill will do 3 key things:

1. Set up the UK’s first digital regulatory framework
2. Upgrade the competition law powers of the CMA
3. Introduce new and upgraded consumer protection laws and significantly increase enforcement powers

Our concise, downloadable summaries below will help you prepare for what’s coming, whether your business is affected by certain elements only or the whole DMCC Bill.